【GR1724】 The Solution for GRE Biology Practice Test [41-60]

The Solution for GRE Biology Practice Test [41-60]

 

추천글 : 【GRE】 Solution for GRE Biology Practice Test 

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41. The ability of the brain to detect differences in stimulus intensity is best explained by the fact that which of the following varies with the stimulus intensity?

 

 

⑴ answer: C

⑵ The amplitude of the action potential is constant.

⑶ The threshold, the number of synapses, and the final destination are just constitutive factors for the action potential.

 

 

42. How do cyanobacteria differ from green unicellular algae?

 

 

⑴ answer: C

⑵ Cyanobacteria are prokaryotic and green unicellular algae are eukaryotic.

 

 

43. Experiments on song development in birds have shown that when a young male reared in isolation hears only the song of a different bird species, he will develop an adult song repertoire that lacks certain characteristics typical of his own species. This result shows that the song of his species is most likely 

 

 

⑴ answer: C

⑵ learned : "... lacks ... typical of his own species."

⑶ instinctive : "... certain (not all) ..." 

 

 

44. In Zea mays the diploid chromosome number equals 20. In which of the following tissues of the plant would the cell division illustrated in the diagram below occur?

 

 

⑴ answer: B

⑵ Reproductive organs of plants including anther are related to the meiosis presented in the diagram above.

 

 

45. Which of the following is the correct anatomical order of structures in the mammalian female reproductive tract?

 

 

⑴ answer: C

⑵ Rete and epididymis are in the mammalian male reproductive tract.

 

 

46. Which of the following sources makes the greatest contribution to the dry mass of organic matter that comprises an oak tree?

 

 

⑴ answer: C

 

 

47. In an experiment, the first cleavage plane of an amphibian zygote was manipulated so that the gray crescent was contained in only one of the two blastomeres that result from the first cleavage. The two blastomeres were then separated. What is the expected fate of the blastomeres?

 

 

⑴ answer: B

⑵ Only the blastomere with the gray crescent has pluripotency. (see amphibian embryology)

 

 

48. Both C4 and CAM plants employ physiological and biochemical strategies to reduce photorespiration. Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the two strategies?

 

 

⑴ answer: B

⑵ comparison among C3, C4 and CAM

 

 

49. Double fertilization is a unique feature of flowering plants. In this process, one sperm unites with the egg to yield a zygote. The second sperm unites with the polar nuclei to initiate the formation of the 

 

 

⑴ answer: D

⑵ the first sperm (n) + the egg (n) → a zygote (2n)

⑶ the second spem (n) + the polar nuclei (n) × 2 → endosperm (3n)

 

 

50. The crouching of very young birds in response to a predator's shape overhead is an example of 

 

 

⑴ answer: B 

 

 

51. A healthy person sitting at rest consciously begins to breathe too fast. Which of the following describes the change in the person's blood caused by this hyperventilation?

 

 

⑴ answer: B

⑵ hyperventilation → CO₂ ↓ → H⁺ ↓ (= pH ↑)

 

 

52. Which of the following would increase the rate at which a gas diffuses between the alveoli of the lung and the blood within a pulmonary capillary?

 

 

⑴ answer: C

 

 

53. Evidence that sea urchins are more closely related to frogs than they are to snails is that echinoderms and chordates share which of the following embryological features?

 

 

⑴ answer: E

 

 

54. The graphs below show the amount of ATP and NADPH in isolated chloroplasts once these organelles are given light, and then later, after exposure to herbicide. Based on the evidence presented in the graphs, it can be concluded that this herbicide affects photosynthesis by 

 

 

⑴ answer: C

⑵ Only NADPH is affected by herbicide.

 

 

55. All of the following statements about muscle contraction are true EXCEPT:

 

 

⑴ answer: D

⑵ Calcium binds with troponin, not tropomyosin.

 

Figure. 1. actin, tropomyosin, troponin complex, and myosin head

 

 

56. Mouse sperm contain receptor proteins that bind to a glycoprotein (ZP3) in the zona pellucida of mouse eggs. Binding of ZP3 receptors to ZP3 initiates the sperm's acrosomal reaction. All of the following experimental observations would be expected EXCEPT: 

 

 

⑴ answer: A

⑵ ZP3 expression in the zona pellucida of egg induces a species-specific sperm acrosomal reaction, but injecting ZP3 inside egg does not prevent fertilization.

 

 

57. Many marine birds drink seawater yet maintain their internal osmolarity at a constant level that is hypoosmotic to seawater. Which of the following physiological strategies best explains how the birds maintain their tissue osmolarity?

 

 

⑴ answer: C

 

 

58. A stem-boring beetle has laid its egg in the center of a 5-year-old wood twig, and the eggs have matured into larvae. In proper order (inside to outside), what tissues and tissue regions would the larvae encounter as they eat their way toward the outside of thw twig? (For simplicity, assume that the epidermis has already fallen off completely.)

 

 

⑴ answer: E

 

 

59. During the mammalian cardiac cycle, a volume of blood equivalent to ventricular stroke volume is transferred from the more compliant venous side to the less compliant arterial side of the circulation. In terms of pressures within the venous and arterial compartments, this transfer results in 

 

 

⑴ answer: D

⑵ Frank-Starling curve

 

Figure. 2. Frank-Starling curve

 

⑶ Blood flows in one direction (vein to artery), so there is little effect on venous pressure.

 

 

60. Which of the following tissues in an actively photosynthesizing plant would have the highest rate of oxygen production?

 

 

⑴ answer: B

 

입력: 2023.05.06 18:06