【GR1724】 The Solution for GRE Biology Practice Test [101-119]

The Solution for GRE Biology Practice Test [101-119]

 

추천글 : 【GRE】 Solution for GRE Biology Practice Test 

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101. Which of the following is a biological attribute that would most likely allow a species to become cosmopolitan in distribution?

 

 

⑴ answer: E

⑵ cosmopolitan ≒ worldwide 

 

 

102. Hybrids between some related species of plants are sterile because the parent plants had different chromosome numbers. Occasionally the chromosome number of such a hybrid plant doubles spontaneously. Which of the following best describes the descendants of those plants with the double chromosome number?

 

 

⑴ answer: E

⑵ autopolyploidy

 

 

103. The concept of punctuated equilibrium refers to 

 

 

⑴ answer: D

 

 

104. A plant species arrives at an island for the first time, where it is exposed to a new set of pollinators. Over the course of 20 generations, the characteristics of its flowers change. The figures below show the frequency distribution of petal length in the original colonizing population (Figure 1) and 20 generations later (Figure 2). Which of these explanations is consistent with the observed change in petal length?

 

 

⑴ answer: B

 

 

105. In which of the following populations would the rate of evolution due to random genetic drift be the lowest? (Assume the total number of individuals is the same across populations.)

 

 

⑴ answer: B

 

 

106. In one taxonomic classification, Archaea, Eukarya, and Bacteria represent the three major domains of life. Eukarya utilize the general transcriptions factors TBP (TATA-binding protein) and TFIIB in transcription, whereas Bacteria do not. At least one member of Archaea has a protein similar to TBP and a protein similar to TFIIB. Based on this observation, which of the following scenarios is most likely?

 

 

⑴ answer: A

 

 

107. According to Hamilton's rule, an altruistic trait can evolve if c ＜ br, where c is the fitness cost of the altruistic behavior to the donor, b is the fitness benefit to the recipient, and r is the 

 

 

⑴ answer: A

⑵ Hamilton's rule 

 

 

108. In the phylogenetic tree below, the grouping that is based on the presence of character C is 

 

 

⑴ answer: B

 

 

109. RNA is thought to have played an important role in the evolution of life for which of the following reasons?

 

Ⅰ. It occurred in great quantities on early Earth.

Ⅱ. It can self-replicate via a complementary chain.

Ⅲ. It can catalyze some cellular functions.

 

 

⑴ answer: E

⑵ Ⅱ : self-replicate 

⑶ Ⅲ : ribozyme

⑷ Ⅱ+Ⅲ → RNA world 

 

 

110. In a given population, 1 out of every 400 people has a cancer caused by a completely recessive allele, b. Assuming the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, which of the following is the expected proportion of individuals who carry the b allele but are not expected to develop the cancer?

 

 

⑴ answer: D

⑵ b² = 1/400 → b = 1/20, B = 19/20

⑶ ∴ 2 × 1/20 × 19/20 = 38/400

 

 

111. Which of the following occurred first during the separation of the elements of Pangaea through continental drift?

 

 

⑴ answer: A

 

 

112. Which of the following facts was established prior to 1859, the year in which Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species?

 

 

⑴ answer: E

 

 

113. Which of the following chemical elements is best characterized by the below set of statements?

● A terminal extracellular respiratory electron acceptor in some archaea and bacteria 

● A major component of Precambrian banded rock formations that are thought to be linked to the rise of atmospheric oxygen

● A major redox component of both chloroplast and mitochondrial electron transport chains

 

 

⑴ answer: D

⑵ banded iron formation : Almost all of these formations are of Precambrian age and are thought to record the oxygenation of the Earth's oceans.

⑶ electron transport chain : In the figure below, sulfur and iron appear as major components for ETS in mitochondria.

 

Figure. 1. electron transport chain of mitochondria

 

 

114. Which of the following is the best explanation for why net primary productivity in terrestrial ecosystems tends to increase toward the tropics?

 

 

⑴ answer: C

 

 

115. Which of the following adaptations would limit pollination by bees and promote hummingbird pollination?

 

 

⑴ answer: C

 

 

116. In the formation of the earliest cells, which of the following components most likely arose first?

 

 

⑴ answer: B

⑵ endosymbiotic theory

① plasma membrane 

② flagellum as a feature of prokaryotes

③ membrane inclusion

④ nucleus & vesicle formation 

⑤ Golgi body formation in vesicle 

⑥ lysosome formation in Golgi body 

⑦ Ancestral eukaryotes swallowed and did not kill independent organic respiratory bacteria.

⑧ mitochondrion : Organic respiratory bacteria survive in eukaryotes and evolve independently of each other.

⑨ Photosynthetic prokaryotes (cyanobacteria) were swallowed into the ancestors of birds and land plants, but did not die.

⑩ chloroplast : Cells evolve dependent on each other.

 

 

117. Which of the following statements about excretory organs is true?

 

 

⑴ answer: D

⑵ countercurrent multiplier system in the juxtamedullary nephrons 

 

 

Questions 118-119 refer to the following amounts of DNA found in human cell types. The amounts are indicated relative to the amount of DNA (X) found in mature neurons that are in the G₀ stage of the cell cycle.

 

 

118. Amount of DNA found in a mature spermatozoan

⑴ answer: E

⑵ haploid 

 

Figure. 2. meiosis

 

 

119. Amount of DNA in a skin cell in G₂ of the cell cycle

⑴ answer: B

 

 

입력: 2023.05.19 02:00